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Understanding Stranded And Solid
Conductor Wiring In Modern Networks
By Louis Chompff
Late in 1990, the Institute of Electrical
and Electronics Engineers
(IEEE) published a new set of
standards introducing data-capable
twisted-pair cabling for use in 10 Mbps
Ethernet systems. Supplanting the
coaxial cabling and bus topology of
previous networking systems, this new
10Base-T standard established a star
topology built around a central “data
traffic controller” (a hub or a switch), to
which each workstation in a Local Area
Network (LAN) could be connected
independently via a single dedicated
UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) cable.
The star topology and 10Base-T technology
made installing and troubleshooting
Ethernet systems much
easier, and it made managing them
much more efficient. Since that time,
twisted-pair cabling has emerged as the
dominant network cabling scheme, and
has contributed to the vast expansion in
Ethernet use that still continues today.
There are now a dizzying number of
twisted-pair cable types available, corresponding
to a dizzying array of standards
detailing the configuration and
performance specifications needed to
support the increasingly faster data rates
and larger bandwidths of incoming
technologies. Introduced as ordinary
telephone wire in 10Base-T, the evolution
of this familiar and well-understood
copper medium can be seen in a list of
Category-type (CAT) cables introduced
to meet these new requirements.
For CAT-3 cables and above, each
cable type in turn comes in two
flavours – as a solid-conductor cable,
and as a stranded-conductor cable.
Although both types within each category
are made to meet the same cable
configuration and electrical performance
specifications, their physical properties
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